1 00:00:00,840 --> 00:00:03,519 When did you become interested in Germany? 2 00:00:03,520 --> 00:00:05,040 And especially in Hitler? 3 00:00:06,240 --> 00:00:09,599 The newspapers were full of Germany and what was happening. 4 00:00:09,600 --> 00:00:11,599 That was in 1933. 5 00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:13,279 And when I met someone who said, 6 00:00:13,280 --> 00:00:15,799 "Oh, well, if you come, I will introduce you to him." 7 00:00:15,800 --> 00:00:18,479 I was extremely interested. 8 00:00:18,480 --> 00:00:19,519 Why were you interested in that? 9 00:00:19,520 --> 00:00:21,279 I think it was interesting for everyone. 10 00:00:21,280 --> 00:00:22,599 To meet Hitler? Oh, they were. 11 00:00:22,600 --> 00:00:26,279 He dominated politics on the continent. 12 00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:29,399 I thought I would need it get to know him the way you get to know him 13 00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:31,479 and actually say: "How are you?". 14 00:00:31,480 --> 00:00:34,839 A friendship was formed, what? is, of course, a completely different matter 15 00:00:34,840 --> 00:00:38,879 from just meeting someone and talking with him for half an hour. 16 00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:41,839 But how did he hit you? 17 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:44,360 What was he like? I mean, why did you like him? 18 00:00:46,480 --> 00:00:48,519 He was a fascinating man. 19 00:00:48,520 --> 00:00:53,879 You see, people get nothing from that they are unemployed painters. 20 00:00:53,880 --> 00:00:56,599 Being a dictator of a very large, 21 00:00:56,600 --> 00:00:59,959 a powerful, developed country like Germany 22 00:00:59,960 --> 00:01:03,999 unless they have something very special in them. 23 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:06,120 And, apparently, he had it. 24 00:01:12,560 --> 00:01:16,400 Everyone wants to know what Hitler is like. 25 00:01:17,880 --> 00:01:19,959 Today we know Hitler 26 00:01:19,960 --> 00:01:23,440 as a man guilty of the worst crimes known to mankind. 27 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:27,960 But it didn't start that way. 28 00:01:30,280 --> 00:01:32,840 There was a time when people worshiped him. 29 00:01:39,600 --> 00:01:44,399 Now, when the mighty dictators rise again, 30 00:01:44,400 --> 00:01:47,240 We look at Hitler with different eyes. 31 00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:54,080 Through your friends, your own admirers, his contemporaries. 32 00:01:55,440 --> 00:01:59,440 Some are Nazis, a little who can be trusted. 33 00:02:00,760 --> 00:02:03,399 But when we see him as they saw him, 34 00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:06,599 maybe we can figure it out who was adolf hitler 35 00:02:06,600 --> 00:02:09,120 and what made it possible for him. 36 00:02:27,680 --> 00:02:33,600 From people they met in person Hitler, few are still alive. 37 00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:43,119 My name is Edgar Feuchtwanger. 38 00:02:43,120 --> 00:02:48,760 I was born in Munich and I am 98 years old. 39 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:52,319 I was Hitler's neighbor. 40 00:02:52,320 --> 00:02:58,720 His house and apartment were are within sight of my window. 41 00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:04,880 His apartment was on on the second floor, like ours. 42 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:12,559 The closest encounter took place in 1933. 43 00:03:12,560 --> 00:03:16,919 When we turned the corner, he got out, 44 00:03:16,920 --> 00:03:22,040 and he was only in a raincoat and a trilby hat. 45 00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:25,959 It doesn't look impressive, you know. 46 00:03:25,960 --> 00:03:31,159 and had no tape with swastika or something similar. 47 00:03:31,160 --> 00:03:34,439 But you couldn't replace with no one else 48 00:03:34,440 --> 00:03:36,799 because of that little mustache. 49 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:41,840 And when he saw us stop, he waved at us like this: "Thank you." 50 00:03:44,160 --> 00:03:47,160 And he just became chancellor. 51 00:03:52,040 --> 00:03:55,039 Just a few days before Edgar's meeting, 52 00:03:55,040 --> 00:03:58,760 Adolf Hitler became the leader of the German government. 53 00:04:00,200 --> 00:04:04,640 Now he is working on dismantling democracy that brought him to power... 54 00:04:05,800 --> 00:04:08,599 filling in the key places for their people 55 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:11,560 and suppression of media freedoms. 56 00:04:17,240 --> 00:04:20,439 February 1933, Berlin. 57 00:04:20,440 --> 00:04:23,079 And Sefton Delmer, were you there? 58 00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:24,080 That. 59 00:04:24,081 --> 00:04:27,199 Well, now, at that time I was the Daily Express man in Berlin, 60 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:29,639 bureau chief of the Daily Express. 61 00:04:29,640 --> 00:04:34,199 Sefton Delmer is a member Hitler's press entourage. 62 00:04:34,200 --> 00:04:36,439 Accompanying him in the campaign 63 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:39,600 and capturing key moments with your home movie camera. 64 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:43,239 I knew Nazis. 65 00:04:43,240 --> 00:04:46,439 I knew all the leaders people in the Nazi Party. 66 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:48,720 I made it my goal to get to know them. 67 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:55,960 One night, Sefton gets a tip. 68 00:04:57,320 --> 00:04:59,719 There was a phone call. 69 00:04:59,720 --> 00:05:02,719 This guy told me the Reichstag was on fire. 70 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:05,400 So I immediately rushed out of my office. 71 00:05:07,120 --> 00:05:11,479 I was there within half hours after the matter was discovered, 72 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:16,000 and the first fire brigades were already arriving. 73 00:05:25,320 --> 00:05:28,119 Three black Mercedes pulled up, 74 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:30,599 and I said, "I bet that's Hitler." 75 00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:33,279 And indeed, it was Hitler. 76 00:05:33,280 --> 00:05:35,119 He said, "Evening, Delmere." 77 00:05:35,120 --> 00:05:37,319 And I said, "Good evening, Herr Reichskanzler." 78 00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:39,279 And as we climbed up, 79 00:05:39,280 --> 00:05:44,199 who should appear but Mr. von Papen, Provost. 80 00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:47,239 Hitler hurried and said: 81 00:05:47,240 --> 00:05:51,399 "This is a God-given sign, Mr. Vice-Chancellor." 82 00:05:51,400 --> 00:05:55,519 "If, as I believe, this work of communists." 83 00:05:55,520 --> 00:06:00,399 "We have to destroy that killer temptation with an iron fist." 84 00:06:00,400 --> 00:06:02,400 "Iron Fist." 85 00:06:03,560 --> 00:06:06,359 Sefton Delmer testifies to how fast Hitler is 86 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:08,599 to press fire upon his enemies, 87 00:06:08,600 --> 00:06:10,560 despite the lack of evidence. 88 00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:15,639 Hitler, now chancellor, 89 00:06:15,640 --> 00:06:18,119 announced that the fire was the work of communists 90 00:06:18,120 --> 00:06:20,719 and it should have been a signal for the Bolshevik uprising 91 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:22,160 across the country. 92 00:06:25,440 --> 00:06:29,039 Hitler passes laws in a hurry on extraordinary terrorism 93 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:34,200 it puts communists and leftists together politicians to jail... 94 00:06:36,120 --> 00:06:38,759 and pushed the ordinance through Parliament, 95 00:06:38,760 --> 00:06:40,960 giving him dictatorial powers. 96 00:06:47,600 --> 00:06:51,199 A few days later, held is this press conference 97 00:06:51,200 --> 00:06:54,120 to justify his attack on democracy. 98 00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:41,639 Rumors began to circulate about cruel treatment. 99 00:07:41,640 --> 00:07:45,800 Hitler's political enemies in his new concentration camps. 100 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:53,000 Hitler encourages members press to check for themselves. 101 00:08:18,680 --> 00:08:22,839 These pictures, smuggled from Germany at the time, 102 00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:25,919 show the violence that performed on prisoners. 103 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:29,160 Many will later die in custody. 104 00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:42,040 After his opponents were removed, Hitler's Nazi takeover of power is complete. 105 00:08:43,240 --> 00:08:47,000 But he is still afraid of his rivals within his own party. 106 00:08:49,720 --> 00:08:55,240 He is often a friend of Hitler's reliable driver, Erich Kempka. 107 00:09:25,840 --> 00:09:28,839 No one was closer To Hitler by Ernst Rohm. 108 00:09:28,840 --> 00:09:33,039 Friend and ally of the earliest days of the Nazis, 109 00:09:33,040 --> 00:09:36,560 and now his deputy. 110 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:41,440 Cheers! 111 00:09:44,040 --> 00:09:49,560 But when Hitler begins to experience Rohm as a threat, his days are numbered. 112 00:10:08,080 --> 00:10:10,400 Hitler knows Rohm is gay. 113 00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:15,240 He found that Rohm was absent, he relaxes with his stormtroopers. 114 00:10:16,280 --> 00:10:21,440 She hopes to surprise him, inflict maximum humiliation on him. 115 00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:09,439 And Hitler screamed like a madman, 116 00:11:09,440 --> 00:11:11,760 "You pigs! You should be shot." 117 00:11:17,080 --> 00:11:20,119 After personally arresting Rohm, 118 00:11:20,120 --> 00:11:23,719 Hitler orders that he be executed. 119 00:11:23,720 --> 00:11:27,719 At the same time, he approves the murder 120 00:11:27,720 --> 00:11:30,240 from 100 other rivals and critics. 121 00:11:32,200 --> 00:11:36,039 June 30, '34. 122 00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:38,479 It was a very, very important day 123 00:11:38,480 --> 00:11:44,399 because it became apparent that this government, as a government, 124 00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:47,159 he started to become a killer. 125 00:11:47,160 --> 00:11:53,039 They shot a large number of people, and that no one brought them to court. 126 00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:54,120 They simply killed them. 127 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:59,719 And not only Hitler's direct enemies, 128 00:11:59,720 --> 00:12:03,720 but also other people who were considered unpleasant. 129 00:12:05,360 --> 00:12:06,759 Hello, hello. 130 00:12:06,760 --> 00:12:08,839 This is German radio and television in Berlin... 131 00:12:08,840 --> 00:12:11,439 Hitler justifies the wave of terror 132 00:12:11,440 --> 00:12:14,319 positioning himself as the savior of Germany. 133 00:12:14,320 --> 00:12:16,519 He will address the German Reichstag 134 00:12:16,520 --> 00:12:18,680 by the Führer, Adolf Hitler. 135 00:13:06,040 --> 00:13:07,959 Very little anyone did 136 00:13:07,960 --> 00:13:09,799 against the government after this. 137 00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:11,560 Now, why do you think that was so? 138 00:13:12,880 --> 00:13:16,399 Well, I think it's hard, first of all, 139 00:13:16,400 --> 00:13:22,519 decide that you should take action against the government. 140 00:13:22,520 --> 00:13:26,479 In a dictatorship it is even more complicated 141 00:13:26,480 --> 00:13:28,680 because everyone loves their life. 142 00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:35,399 Furthermore, I think that a person which has never lived in a dictatorship 143 00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:39,400 I cannot understand the power of propaganda. 144 00:13:41,160 --> 00:13:44,639 If you always hear the same thing, 145 00:13:44,640 --> 00:13:48,479 if you always read the same thing in all newspapers, 146 00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:53,839 and if you have very little options for other information, 147 00:13:53,840 --> 00:14:00,399 then those things that you the speeches are very impressive. 148 00:14:00,400 --> 00:14:04,879 And it is very difficult to bring own opinion, be critical. 149 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:06,360 Heil Hitler. Heil Hitler. 150 00:14:19,360 --> 00:14:20,999 All radio programs 151 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,439 they come from the Ministry of Propaganda. 152 00:14:23,440 --> 00:14:27,599 Every newspaper prints only that what the country wants its people to read. 153 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:30,960 And every letter in German mail is subject to censorship. 154 00:14:32,600 --> 00:14:37,679 The government took full advantage its propaganda machinery. 155 00:14:37,680 --> 00:14:39,160 Very, very good, indeed. 156 00:14:41,200 --> 00:14:45,120 There is another powerful one a group that Hitler must subdue. 157 00:14:48,280 --> 00:14:52,920 Hitler makes sure that he every soldier in Germany loyal. 158 00:15:29,880 --> 00:15:33,879 How serious are you and yours colleagues understood this oath? 159 00:15:33,880 --> 00:15:35,439 Very seriously. 160 00:15:35,440 --> 00:15:36,839 I mean, an oath is an oath. 161 00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:40,039 There is no doubt that I cannot break an oath, 162 00:15:40,040 --> 00:15:42,319 otherwise I might commit suicide. 163 00:15:42,320 --> 00:15:44,639 Adolf Hitler. 164 00:15:44,640 --> 00:15:46,170 Adolf Hitler. 165 00:15:47,040 --> 00:15:50,079 Can she feel like that? an emotion like love for Hitler? 166 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:51,080 Um? 167 00:15:51,081 --> 00:15:54,199 Can she feel like that? an emotion like love for Hitler? 168 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:55,279 WHO? 169 00:15:55,280 --> 00:15:56,720 A person like you. 170 00:15:57,520 --> 00:16:00,559 I haven't, but I can think I can, 171 00:16:00,560 --> 00:16:04,759 because you know that several a woman falls in love with Hitler. 172 00:16:04,760 --> 00:16:06,719 Very strong, isn't it? 173 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:07,959 Not you? 174 00:16:07,960 --> 00:16:10,960 No, not possible, no. Never. 175 00:16:16,880 --> 00:16:20,719 Hitler is the unconquerable leader of Germany. 176 00:16:20,720 --> 00:16:24,679 To show his power and the loyalty of his people, 177 00:16:24,680 --> 00:16:27,880 He is planning a big rally in Nuremberg. 178 00:16:29,400 --> 00:16:32,800 Hitler turns the training ground for parades to the shrine... 179 00:16:35,880 --> 00:16:41,560 and summons the film director Leni Riefenstahl to glorify him. 180 00:16:42,880 --> 00:16:45,159 I was coming to Hitler. 181 00:16:45,160 --> 00:16:46,319 It was lunch time. 182 00:16:46,320 --> 00:16:47,919 There are many people there. 183 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:50,639 And he was very kind and friendly. 184 00:16:50,640 --> 00:16:54,879 And after this, let's go to the little room for coffee. 185 00:16:54,880 --> 00:16:57,999 I told Hitler: "Look, I can't do that." 186 00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:00,559 "I don't know what's important and what's not." 187 00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:02,319 He said, "That's what I want." 188 00:17:02,320 --> 00:17:03,799 "You are an artist" 189 00:17:03,800 --> 00:17:07,359 "and I don't want the party make a movie, a stupid movie." 190 00:17:07,360 --> 00:17:10,480 "It's only possible that you make a film like an artist." 191 00:17:15,560 --> 00:17:18,479 With an unlimited budget 192 00:17:18,480 --> 00:17:21,239 and a crew of hundreds, 193 00:17:21,240 --> 00:17:24,080 Riefenstahl creates an epic spectacle. 194 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:32,280 Delighted Hitler presents her film to the nation. 195 00:18:23,120 --> 00:18:27,600 Riefenstahl's film makes it clear Hitler's Nazi vision of Germany... 196 00:18:28,600 --> 00:18:32,440 economic race, united and powerful... 197 00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:36,480 worshiping at his altar. 198 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:55,880 Wouldn't you say it's a Triumph like a propaganda film? 199 00:18:57,160 --> 00:19:00,519 If I were to watch this movie today, 200 00:19:00,520 --> 00:19:04,879 After we know everything what happened i would say yes. 201 00:19:04,880 --> 00:19:08,159 In this time, in '34, of course not. 202 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:10,639 In Germany, if you remember, 203 00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:13,359 90% of people are delighted 204 00:19:13,360 --> 00:19:14,479 in this time. 205 00:19:14,480 --> 00:19:16,279 It was about time 206 00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:18,719 before hitler came 207 00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:21,319 we had 7 million people out of work. 208 00:19:21,320 --> 00:19:23,559 And so Hitler makes this better and better. 209 00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:26,679 You can see that they are all human who are very enthusiastic there. 210 00:19:26,680 --> 00:19:28,639 It was like a wave. That? 211 00:19:28,640 --> 00:19:29,719 Wave. 212 00:19:29,720 --> 00:19:30,879 The people who are there 213 00:19:30,880 --> 00:19:33,799 They think we will have peace all the time. 214 00:19:33,800 --> 00:19:39,559 That? We don't think about it which may happen later. 215 00:19:39,560 --> 00:19:42,120 It was really our fault. 216 00:20:01,160 --> 00:20:06,639 Hitler creates Germany as he always wanted 217 00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:09,360 since childhood. 218 00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:13,320 Hitler was born in Austria. 219 00:20:14,560 --> 00:20:16,399 He grew up in this house, 220 00:20:16,400 --> 00:20:20,160 speaking German and imbued German traditions. 221 00:20:23,440 --> 00:20:25,400 Here he is, he is 11 years old. 222 00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:29,679 Little is known about Hitler's school years. 223 00:20:29,680 --> 00:20:32,479 But we discovered some rare footage 224 00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:34,160 with one of my classmates... 225 00:20:35,440 --> 00:20:37,080 Josef Keplinger. 226 00:21:03,800 --> 00:21:08,280 Keplinger recalls that one the teacher especially inspires Hitler. 227 00:21:09,280 --> 00:21:13,120 His history professor, Dr. Leopold Potsch. 228 00:21:26,120 --> 00:21:28,759 Potsch claims that everyone German speakers 229 00:21:28,760 --> 00:21:30,879 should be united into one empire, 230 00:21:30,880 --> 00:21:32,480 as they were in the past. 231 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:35,319 And Hitler learns from him 232 00:21:35,320 --> 00:21:39,640 that the Germanic peoples are the strongest and the most capable to rule. 233 00:22:36,240 --> 00:22:40,319 Nationalism will become Hitler's obsession, 234 00:22:40,320 --> 00:22:42,480 he was implementing his plans for Germany. 235 00:23:02,360 --> 00:23:04,920 Hitler wants to build an empire. 236 00:23:07,040 --> 00:23:11,920 In 1935. It begins rapid expansion of the armed forces. 237 00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:16,999 He secretly plans to attack his neighbors. 238 00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:21,199 But on the public stage, he uses a recognizable technique - 239 00:23:21,200 --> 00:23:22,800 a bare-faced lie. 240 00:23:59,720 --> 00:24:01,559 An important meeting. 241 00:24:01,560 --> 00:24:04,200 Hitler receives representatives of the British Legion. 242 00:24:05,320 --> 00:24:08,919 We Brits never felt nothing but deep respect for… 243 00:24:08,920 --> 00:24:13,800 Hitler plays peacemaker, he makes friends with former enemies. 244 00:24:14,960 --> 00:24:18,760 He makes sure the cameras catch him for British film magazines. 245 00:24:26,480 --> 00:24:30,759 Then he invites the British Prime Minister to tea 246 00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:36,559 who led the fight against Germany in The First World War, David Lloyd George. 247 00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:37,959 They used to hate him, 248 00:24:37,960 --> 00:24:40,319 now it's Lloyd George welcome guest in germany, 249 00:24:40,320 --> 00:24:42,799 and his promenade through a picturesque Bavarian village 250 00:24:42,800 --> 00:24:43,999 from Berchtesgaden 251 00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:45,479 is an introduction to the interview with Hitler 252 00:24:45,480 --> 00:24:47,080 in the Führer's mountain retreat. 253 00:24:49,480 --> 00:24:53,119 Lloyd George on this one his private secretary accompanies him on the trip, 254 00:24:53,120 --> 00:24:54,560 Albert Sylvester. 255 00:24:55,640 --> 00:24:59,399 Hitler ran down the stairs 256 00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:02,279 to greet LG as he got out of the car, 257 00:25:02,280 --> 00:25:04,879 shook his hand most warmly, 258 00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:10,119 and took us inside the Berghof. 259 00:25:10,120 --> 00:25:14,559 I asked if I wanted Hitler allow me to take photos 260 00:25:14,560 --> 00:25:18,359 and asked the Führer, 261 00:25:18,360 --> 00:25:22,200 and Hitler nodded to me that I could. 262 00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:39,959 He led us around this huge room, 263 00:25:39,960 --> 00:25:44,559 whose only light is came from a huge window, 264 00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:45,719 which was great. 265 00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:47,520 I have never seen such a window. 266 00:25:50,280 --> 00:25:54,679 Then he took us to tea. 267 00:25:54,680 --> 00:25:59,239 The tea was already set on low tables, 268 00:25:59,240 --> 00:26:01,239 around which we all sat. 269 00:26:01,240 --> 00:26:08,159 There were 13 of us, and we served are our special officers, 270 00:26:08,160 --> 00:26:11,320 apparently belonging to Hitler's guard. 271 00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:17,839 The highlight of the tea party was when Hitler 272 00:26:17,840 --> 00:26:24,959 he suddenly took out his the photo he signed, 273 00:26:24,960 --> 00:26:28,239 and he gave it to Lloyd George. 274 00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:30,280 It was in a beautiful frame. 275 00:26:32,040 --> 00:26:35,239 Lloyd George was very moved indeed. 276 00:26:35,240 --> 00:26:37,639 He rose from his seat, 277 00:26:37,640 --> 00:26:43,119 he caught Hitler by the hand and thanked him from the bottom of my heart. 278 00:26:43,120 --> 00:26:45,519 Lloyd George said, 279 00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:48,679 "You have done great things for Germany." 280 00:26:48,680 --> 00:26:51,359 "You restored her honor," 281 00:26:51,360 --> 00:26:56,480 "and you fought for her equal rights in the world." 282 00:26:58,240 --> 00:27:04,119 Lloyd George is gone shouting "Heil Hitler!" 283 00:27:04,120 --> 00:27:06,480 and returned enchanted. 284 00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:11,679 Hitler used to be terribly kind... 285 00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:15,039 and he could turn people, 286 00:27:15,040 --> 00:27:18,360 and I personally was absolutely delighted by his charm. 287 00:27:21,880 --> 00:27:26,279 Reinhard Spitzy is the personal secretary Hitler's Foreign Minister, 288 00:27:26,280 --> 00:27:28,280 Joachim von Ribbentrop. 289 00:27:30,200 --> 00:27:35,439 I saw Hitler for the first time in Obersalzberg, 290 00:27:35,440 --> 00:27:39,279 into this big room where was this moving window, 291 00:27:39,280 --> 00:27:46,159 and there are Hitler and Ribbentrop walked up, down, up, down, 292 00:27:46,160 --> 00:27:48,479 in one hour, two hours and three hours, 293 00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:52,039 and I pinched myself, I kicked myself. 294 00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:57,160 I thought, it can't be it's true that I'm landing here now. 295 00:27:58,520 --> 00:28:01,839 Hitler probably did loved it from the start 296 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:04,359 because he was also Austrian, 297 00:28:04,360 --> 00:28:09,439 and because I was tall, and I was a so-called Nordic type. 298 00:28:09,440 --> 00:28:11,999 I always brought him good news, 299 00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:18,200 and I began to be accepted at the round table of Adolfo. 300 00:28:23,280 --> 00:28:27,440 In March 1938, Hitler made his move. 301 00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:35,039 Today comes a powerful moment, 302 00:28:35,040 --> 00:28:37,519 while Hitler's bomb explosion finally carries the Nazi expansion 303 00:28:37,520 --> 00:28:40,320 across the borders of Germany to the country of his birth. 304 00:28:41,360 --> 00:28:43,359 While officials tear down border barriers, 305 00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:45,439 the political significance of these images 306 00:28:45,440 --> 00:28:48,360 it's still too fresh in my mind of the world that it would be necessary to discuss. 307 00:28:55,680 --> 00:28:59,039 While his troops they enter Austria without hindrance, 308 00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:00,960 Hitler crosses the border with them. 309 00:29:02,280 --> 00:29:05,959 I asked Hitler if I could whether to go with him to Austria, 310 00:29:05,960 --> 00:29:10,319 because he is my assistant director rather they said, "No, there is no place for you." 311 00:29:10,320 --> 00:29:13,680 Then Hitler said: "Yes, Spitzy is coming with us." 312 00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:23,240 The reception was so grand. 313 00:29:24,440 --> 00:29:30,039 People with tears in their eyes. I I cried and sobbed alone. 314 00:29:30,040 --> 00:29:32,999 Women came with their children and babies, 315 00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:36,039 and they threw flowers and flowers, 316 00:29:36,040 --> 00:29:38,720 and many musical ensembles. 317 00:29:39,720 --> 00:29:42,600 You saw them play, but you didn't hear them. 318 00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:51,280 He himself was overcome with emotion. 319 00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:57,919 He gave a speech, and I did I was standing very close to him, 320 00:29:57,920 --> 00:30:02,839 and never again in my life saw Heldenplatz with so many people. 321 00:30:02,840 --> 00:30:05,920 There must have been almost a million of them. 322 00:30:28,520 --> 00:30:32,760 But Spitzy is only telling one side of the story. 323 00:30:34,160 --> 00:30:38,199 Many Austrians don't want to to join Germany. 324 00:30:38,200 --> 00:30:41,839 Austrian Jews and other minorities 325 00:30:41,840 --> 00:30:45,800 they are intimidated and publicly humiliated. 326 00:30:49,480 --> 00:30:54,000 After a wave of arrests, a referendum is held. 327 00:30:56,560 --> 00:31:01,360 Hitler declares that he is 99% of Austrians on the side. 328 00:31:02,400 --> 00:31:05,879 I liked Hitler, adored him alone at that moment, 329 00:31:05,880 --> 00:31:08,320 because he did not wage any war. 330 00:31:09,920 --> 00:31:16,399 It was the success of all my wishes in life, 331 00:31:16,400 --> 00:31:20,679 reunification of the Great Germany as it used to be, 332 00:31:20,680 --> 00:31:24,960 because, after all, we have been together for 1000 years. 333 00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:29,920 For German nationalists, Hitler could be a hero... 334 00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:34,480 but the rest of Europe is watching anxiously. 335 00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:41,479 When Hitler declared his intention to attack Czechoslovakia, 336 00:31:41,480 --> 00:31:43,759 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain 337 00:31:43,760 --> 00:31:47,360 flies to Germany in order to persuaded him to give up. 338 00:31:48,800 --> 00:31:52,960 My goal is European peace... 339 00:31:53,960 --> 00:31:58,640 and I hope this journey to pave the way for it. 340 00:32:05,080 --> 00:32:07,160 The visit is not going well. 341 00:32:11,080 --> 00:32:14,559 I think the best way is to characterizes that meeting 342 00:32:14,560 --> 00:32:20,800 was the use of a melody that was sung in England at that time, Stormy Weather. 343 00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:25,999 The only witness to the three-hour conversation 344 00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:28,839 is translated by Paul Schmidt. 345 00:32:28,840 --> 00:32:30,359 for the first time, 346 00:32:30,360 --> 00:32:35,759 Hitler is in his politics declared his ultimate goals, 347 00:32:35,760 --> 00:32:40,000 which was complete subjugation of Czechoslovakia. 348 00:32:41,080 --> 00:32:44,279 He said, "I will do it one way or another," 349 00:32:44,280 --> 00:32:51,199 which meant: "Or you agree with me or I will do something by force", 350 00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:55,279 to which Chamberlain interested and said: 351 00:32:55,280 --> 00:32:58,639 "Well, if you want anyway continue against Czechoslovakia." 352 00:32:58,640 --> 00:33:01,599 "Why did you even let me go? to come to Berchtesgaden?" 353 00:33:01,600 --> 00:33:06,240 "I think I better go home and I talk to my colleagues about all this." 354 00:33:52,400 --> 00:33:53,800 When I was a little boy... 355 00:33:55,400 --> 00:33:57,200 I used to repeat... 356 00:33:58,440 --> 00:34:03,520 "If you don't succeed the first time, try, try, try again." 357 00:34:04,640 --> 00:34:06,200 That's what I do. 358 00:34:11,200 --> 00:34:16,000 Back in Germany, Chamberlain tries to mediate in reaching a peace agreement at the last minute. 359 00:34:20,440 --> 00:34:24,760 His private secretary, Alec Douglas-Home, is there. 360 00:34:27,680 --> 00:34:29,999 Hitler did not give anything away. 361 00:34:30,000 --> 00:34:31,679 He sat there without a smile. 362 00:34:31,680 --> 00:34:34,999 Actually, at that time was quite aggressive. 363 00:34:35,000 --> 00:34:36,999 I think he felt he had an advantage. 364 00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:38,479 And Chamberlain hated him intensely. 365 00:34:38,480 --> 00:34:41,599 It was the type of character, arrogant character, 366 00:34:41,600 --> 00:34:43,719 which Chamberlain of course did not like, 367 00:34:43,720 --> 00:34:46,519 since it is itself reserved man, a kinder man himself. 368 00:34:46,520 --> 00:34:50,519 He hated this kind demonstrative character, 369 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:53,640 who apparently thought in terms of power. 370 00:34:55,880 --> 00:34:58,120 In the end, an agreement is reached. 371 00:34:59,360 --> 00:35:02,359 Hitler can have part of Czechoslovakia, 372 00:35:02,360 --> 00:35:06,079 as long as this is his the last territorial claim. 373 00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:07,879 Hitler had to sign it. 374 00:35:07,880 --> 00:35:09,839 He couldn't say, "No, no, I'm not signing." 375 00:35:09,840 --> 00:35:11,679 And when we got out, 376 00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:17,399 then Ribbentrop began complain that it is an English trick. 377 00:35:17,400 --> 00:35:18,919 So then Hitler said, 378 00:35:18,920 --> 00:35:24,160 "But this declaration does not exist absolutely nothing to say." 379 00:35:25,920 --> 00:35:29,280 Initially, Hitler abides by the agreement. 380 00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:32,680 It takes only a part of Czechoslovakia. 381 00:35:33,920 --> 00:35:38,400 But a few months later, Hitler annexes the whole country. 382 00:35:44,440 --> 00:35:46,000 Something to celebrate. 383 00:35:47,880 --> 00:35:52,279 Everyone is gathered in Hitler's great, great room, 384 00:35:52,280 --> 00:35:57,359 and it was a kind of private parties, a kind of victory party. 385 00:35:57,360 --> 00:36:01,200 So, he sat, first of all, like this. 386 00:36:02,360 --> 00:36:03,720 Everything is open here. 387 00:36:04,760 --> 00:36:06,559 Hair like this. 388 00:36:06,560 --> 00:36:08,759 He drinks his mineral water. 389 00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:12,679 And then an interesting thing, talking like this all the time, 390 00:36:12,680 --> 00:36:15,279 he dictated to two secretaries at the same time. 391 00:36:15,280 --> 00:36:17,879 And I was a young man of 24 years old, 392 00:36:17,880 --> 00:36:21,800 So, such a genius looks at home, you know? 393 00:36:26,000 --> 00:36:28,200 Another nation has been swallowed up. 394 00:36:37,680 --> 00:36:39,799 Hitler's Great Power. 395 00:36:39,800 --> 00:36:43,519 He seemed to have an instinctive understanding 396 00:36:43,520 --> 00:36:48,800 the weaknesses of the French and British governments. 397 00:36:51,600 --> 00:36:53,639 He had patience. 398 00:36:53,640 --> 00:36:55,319 He had tricks. 399 00:36:55,320 --> 00:36:56,760 He had a cool head. 400 00:36:58,880 --> 00:37:02,399 I think that Hitler, in at your best, 401 00:37:02,400 --> 00:37:03,479 or worst, 402 00:37:03,480 --> 00:37:05,119 however you prefer to look at it, 403 00:37:05,120 --> 00:37:08,719 he was one of the greats of history 404 00:37:08,720 --> 00:37:11,120 in his own completely evil way. 405 00:38:24,280 --> 00:38:26,599 While Hitler conquers Europe, 406 00:38:26,600 --> 00:38:31,160 He trains the children of Germany to they rule it for generations to come. 407 00:38:37,080 --> 00:38:42,080 His friend, Baldur von Schirach, runs his indoctrination program. 408 00:39:36,800 --> 00:39:39,879 Jesuits always say, 409 00:39:39,880 --> 00:39:45,839 "Give me a child for seven years and we'll have it for life." 410 00:39:45,840 --> 00:39:48,239 Did you really feel it? 411 00:39:48,240 --> 00:39:50,959 Did you really have it? such an influence on his youth? 412 00:39:50,960 --> 00:39:54,599 You were just as powerful in the youth like Jesuits, right? 413 00:39:54,600 --> 00:39:55,880 That. 414 00:39:57,480 --> 00:40:00,240 Clear and pure yes. 415 00:40:02,120 --> 00:40:05,360 I loved children and children loved me. 416 00:40:08,280 --> 00:40:12,119 I thought that in... 417 00:40:12,120 --> 00:40:16,519 raising them in this great, 418 00:40:16,520 --> 00:40:20,119 socialist organization, yes, 419 00:40:20,120 --> 00:40:25,199 I would create a new Germany of the future 420 00:40:25,200 --> 00:40:29,320 without any class distinction. 421 00:40:32,560 --> 00:40:38,200 In 1938, Alfons Heck attends one of Hitler's first gatherings. 422 00:40:43,040 --> 00:40:47,159 A decisive turning point in my life happened at the age of 10. 423 00:40:47,160 --> 00:40:50,440 I was one of 82,000 members of the Hitler Youth. 424 00:40:54,120 --> 00:40:56,880 Suddenly the Führer appeared. 425 00:40:58,480 --> 00:41:00,080 I was standing in the first row. 426 00:41:01,280 --> 00:41:03,439 And when Hitler began to speak, 427 00:41:03,440 --> 00:41:04,839 I was afraid to look his/her neighbor 428 00:41:04,840 --> 00:41:08,279 because I didn't want him to see tears in my eyes. 429 00:41:08,280 --> 00:41:10,479 My knees were shaking. 430 00:41:10,480 --> 00:41:12,799 And Hitler teleported to us. 431 00:41:12,800 --> 00:41:16,600 He calmed us down by having a few times raised his hands, both hands. 432 00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:39,599 And he said how happy we are that we live in this new age. 433 00:41:39,600 --> 00:41:43,399 "You are all one, you belong to me." 434 00:41:43,400 --> 00:41:45,559 He leaned over the podium, 435 00:41:45,560 --> 00:41:48,599 and I know he was looking me straight in the eye 436 00:41:48,600 --> 00:41:56,120 and he said, "You shall inherit what we have created so far." 437 00:41:57,120 --> 00:42:01,000 "One day you will rule the world." 438 00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:10,240 And there is one group over which Hitler teaches all Germans to rule. 439 00:42:11,640 --> 00:42:18,800 As a young man, I was anti-Semitic. 440 00:42:20,440 --> 00:42:23,039 And that was, at that time, 441 00:42:23,040 --> 00:42:29,520 the feeling of almost the majority German younger generations. 442 00:42:30,840 --> 00:42:33,119 Although a small minority, 443 00:42:33,120 --> 00:42:37,200 Hitler believed that the Jews they represent a mortal threat to Germany. 444 00:42:38,280 --> 00:42:41,639 It is forbidden to work in one one profession after another, 445 00:42:41,640 --> 00:42:44,760 now they are forbidden German citizenship. 446 00:42:49,400 --> 00:42:54,119 I think it's all we have came while we were living in Germany 447 00:42:54,120 --> 00:42:56,719 it came very gradually. 448 00:42:56,720 --> 00:43:04,719 That may have been part of the way which Hitler managed these things. 449 00:43:04,720 --> 00:43:07,959 It came to us drop by drop, 450 00:43:07,960 --> 00:43:11,319 almost like an anesthetic. 451 00:43:11,320 --> 00:43:16,839 And only when he did something specific 452 00:43:16,840 --> 00:43:18,959 hit you personally 453 00:43:18,960 --> 00:43:24,560 that you actually understood yes... what's going on. 454 00:43:26,200 --> 00:43:28,839 It was the first time when he is a Jewish doctor, 455 00:43:28,840 --> 00:43:30,919 who took care of our children, 456 00:43:30,920 --> 00:43:34,359 he suddenly told me that he cannot come again 457 00:43:34,360 --> 00:43:38,720 because he was warned not to he raises his hands to the Aryan children. 458 00:43:40,040 --> 00:43:44,399 And I remember thinking: "What? These are crackers." 459 00:43:44,400 --> 00:43:47,519 And I remember calling him on the phone and then went to his house. 460 00:43:47,520 --> 00:43:53,119 He went to Holland, and heard himself that he committed suicide. 461 00:43:53,120 --> 00:43:56,639 And I think he was moment that happened to me 462 00:43:56,640 --> 00:44:00,680 that this is really... something very, very scary thing. 463 00:44:35,080 --> 00:44:38,000 Edgar Feuchtwanger originates from a well-known Jewish family. 464 00:44:42,240 --> 00:44:44,479 In November 1938, 465 00:44:44,480 --> 00:44:48,359 when Hitler authorizes a violent attack on the Jews, 466 00:44:48,360 --> 00:44:50,320 his father is the target. 467 00:44:53,240 --> 00:44:54,759 When that happened, 468 00:44:54,760 --> 00:44:59,680 I think my father guessed that something will happen to him. 469 00:45:01,520 --> 00:45:05,639 And, of course, then they came to our house 470 00:45:05,640 --> 00:45:08,200 and arrested my father. 471 00:45:11,440 --> 00:45:15,599 They had their own special language for everyone. 472 00:45:15,600 --> 00:45:21,439 They didn't call it an arrest, but protective custody. 473 00:45:21,440 --> 00:45:23,639 'Protective custody'. 474 00:45:23,640 --> 00:45:27,359 And when they took all his books, they called it 475 00:45:27,360 --> 00:45:31,840 creating security... on in German, 'sicherstellen'. 476 00:45:37,480 --> 00:45:40,759 We knew that in Dachau there is a concentration camp. 477 00:45:40,760 --> 00:45:44,680 We knew it, and we knew it that he was taken there. 478 00:45:48,000 --> 00:45:54,159 It became obvious that we had to to leave Germany as a family. 479 00:45:54,160 --> 00:45:57,919 They sent me forward, across the Dutch border, 480 00:45:57,920 --> 00:46:00,920 and then they picked me up in London. 481 00:46:02,240 --> 00:46:04,879 It was obvious that this had to happen. 482 00:46:04,880 --> 00:46:08,640 We could no longer live in Germany. 483 00:46:10,760 --> 00:46:12,320 That. 484 00:46:21,200 --> 00:46:23,479 Until 1939, 485 00:46:23,480 --> 00:46:27,159 under the complete control of their dictator, 486 00:46:27,160 --> 00:46:29,280 this is now Hitler's Germany. 487 00:46:31,120 --> 00:46:33,920 And that's for Hitler's people. 488 00:46:37,880 --> 00:46:41,959 The teachers told us: "No worry about what you see," 489 00:46:41,960 --> 00:46:45,599 "even if you see some nasty ones things you may not understand." 490 00:46:45,600 --> 00:46:52,680 "He always thinks that Hitler wants to create a better Germany, a pure Germany." 491 00:46:54,040 --> 00:46:59,360 "And don't worry, everything will be fine in the end." 492 00:46:59,384 --> 00:47:01,384 {\an7}RTNNJ. 493 00:47:01,408 --> 00:47:03,408 {\an9} RTNNJ. 494 00:47:03,432 --> 00:47:05,432 {\an6} 00:47:17,423 {\an2}End of Episode 2 499 00:47:17,504 --> 00:47:22,947 {\an2}